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Energy-Water Resilience

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Digital Twin and HIL Framework for Grid-Interactive Microgrids in Non-PRASA Aqueducts: Enhancing Energy-Water Nexus Resilience

This white paper addresses the energy for water focal area by developing and validating grid-interactive microgrids for aqueducts which operate outside the centralized Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority (non-PRASA). These aqueducts depend on electricity for pumping and treat...
Plaza, J., and Andrade, F.

Harnessing water system flexibility for grid resilience

With new critical infrastructure that require uninterrupted power supplies (such as data centers that support the AI boom) and a rising share of intermittent generation sources on the grid, there is a growing need for flexibility in grid resources which can ramp up or down quickly...
Szinai, J., and Callaway, D.

Field-Validated, Grid-Interactive Irrigation for Energy-Water Resilience in Puerto Rico's Agricultural Experimental Stations

Puerto Rico's irrigation infrastructure depends primarily on electrically powered pumping and distribution systems, making agricultural water delivery highly vulnerable to grid instability and frequent outages. This white paper proposes the development and validation of grid-inter...
Plaza, J., and Andrade, F.

Enabling Energy-Water Resilience in U.S. Data Centers: Water-Aware Grid Planning and Operations with Infrastructure-Compatible Cooling

Rapid, concentrated expansion of AI data centers is reshaping electricity demand profiles, local infrastructure requirements, and regional resource constraints. These facilities are often sized from tens to hundreds of megawatts with multi-gigawatt campus clusters. They are relati...
Zhou, Z., Wu, M., Qiu, F., Muehleisen, R., Zhao, D., Yan, E., and Worek, W.

A Hybrid AI-Optimization Framework for Resilient Hydropower Operations to Support Grid Stability, Extreme Weather Management, and Large-Scale Industrial Loads

This white paper supports a two-stage decision-support framework that links fast, probabilistic inflow forecasts from modern machine learning and generative AI with multistage stochastic optimization for hydropower scheduling. By propagating uncertainty from prediction into operat...
Ploussard, Q., and Feinstein, J.

Energy-Water Resilience through Underground Pumped Storage Hydropower (UPSH): Integrating Water Infrastructure for Enhanced Energy and Water Security

This white paper provides an overview of Underground Pumped Storage Hydropower (UPSH), a concept that addresses the intersection of water for energy and energy-water topics by utilizing subsurface formations for energy storage, leveraging excess surface water, treated wastewater, ...
Atkinson, T., Acharya, M., Russell, G., Colldeweih, R., Saulsbury, B., Reese, S., Mosier, T., and Schmidt, H.

Aligning Bytes with Basins to Promote Data Center Growth in the U.S.

This white paper examines the water-energy tradeoffs of U.S. data-center expansion, highlighting how cooling choices, power sourcing, and siting decisions shape local water security, grid resilience, and watershed sustainability. The study focuses on integrating direct (on-site po...
Siddik, M., Turner, S., and Chinthavali, S.

Integrated Water-Energy Resilience Research and Testbeds

Water availability increasingly constrains the reliability and flexibility of water-dependent energy systems, including hydropower, thermoelectric generation, and grid operations. Hydrologic extremes, shifting demand, aging infrastructure, and cross-sector pressures are intensifyi...
Negron-Juarez, R., Amusat, O., Koven, C., and Viers, J.

Energy-Enabled Decentralized Treatment of Brackish Water Sources for Agricultural Irrigation

This white paper, Energy-Enabled Decentralized Treatment of Brackish Water Sources for Agricultural Irrigation, focuses on the energy-for-water nexus and explores how decentralized, low-energy treatment systems can enable the on-site reuse of brackish groundwater for agriculture. ...
Ikner, L., Pan, W., Hickenbotttom, K., and Achilli, A.

Energy/Water Operation Smart Contract for Hydropower Plant/Data Centers

We propose an Energy/Water Operation Smart Contract that securely coordinates hydropower plant operations with energy-intensive data-center clusters using Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT). The smart contract provides a decentralized, tamper-resistant layer for operational contr...
Hink, R., Piesciorovsky, E., Hahn, G., Werth, A., and Wang, H.

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