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Energy Needs for Water Supply Expansion in Urban Areas

Rising urban water demand requires new water supply provisioning in cities. Understanding and quantifying the energy-intensity of new water supply options can help planners identify pathways for water supply expansion with manageable energy requirements. There is opportunity for ...

Deines, J., Catalano, A., Sinnott, V., Yoon, J., Sun, N., and Duan, Z.

Standardized Siting and Risk Analysis Decision Support Mechanisms for Water-Intensive Industries

This paper focuses on water for cooling industrial energy generation loads and energy and water for cooling large process loads. A challenge is that siting any large facility with substantial water demands without understanding baseline conditions and assessing potential multi-sec...

Fuchs, H., Karki, U., Stokes-Draut, J., Rao, P., Varadharajan, C., Hodson, A., Ajami, N., and Shehabi, A.

Hydrotwin: an AI-based physics and optimization framework for improved water resource resilience in systems experiencing adverse events

This white paper focuses on water for energy. As we move ahead into an uncertain future for water resource demand and supply, a massive challenge exists to optimize water systems to be resilient to a range of press/pulse extreme event states and conditions. Optimal decision-makin...

Bennett, K., Schwenk, J., and Garcia, M.

Harnessing water system flexibility for grid resilience

With new critical infrastructure that require uninterrupted power supplies (such as data centers that support the AI boom) and a rising share of intermittent generation sources on the grid, there is a growing need for flexibility in grid resources which can ramp up or down quickly...

Szinai, J., and Callaway, D.

Aligning Energy, Water, and Agriculture: Near-Term Strategies for Resilience in Water-Stressed Regions

This white paper explores the intersection of energy, water, and agriculture, emphasizing the growing competition for water between irrigation and energy systems. It identifies near-term opportunities to enhance agricultural water management and electrification, while evaluating t...

Pacheco, C., and Mekonnen, M.

Enabling Energy-Water Resilience in U.S. Data Centers: Water-Aware Grid Planning and Operations with Infrastructure-Compatible Cooling

Rapid, concentrated expansion of AI data centers is reshaping electricity demand profiles, local infrastructure requirements, and regional resource constraints. These facilities are often sized from tens to hundreds of megawatts with multi-gigawatt campus clusters. They are relati...

Zhou, Z., Wu, M., Qiu, F., Muehleisen, R., Zhao, D., Yan, E., and Worek, W.

Water Availability for Cooling Systems: Assessing Demands, Constraints, and Alternative Sources for Thermoelectric Plants and Data Centers

This white paper focuses on enhancing the intersection of energy and water resilience by advancing water reuse and reclamation technologies, particularly for thermoelectric power plants and data centers. The primary goal is to efficiently manage cooling water to meet growing deman...

Pacheco, C., Cafferty, K., Reese, S., Atkinson, T., Mosier, T., and Tidwell, V.

Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Water Sources and Impacts on Water and Wastewater Treatment

This white paper examines the critical issue of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in water systems, emphasizing the need for advanced water reuse and reclamation technologies to mitigate water scarcity, particularly in arid and remote regions. These contaminants, which inclu...

Saulsbury, B., Reese, S., and Mathews, T.

Forecast and Intelligence Enabled Reservoir Operations for Energy-Water Resilience

This white paper discusses the energy-water nexus and emphasizes the need for co-optimization of hydropower, reservoir management, and water supply operations to enhance resilience and reliability. It focuses on integrating water management intelligence with power system forecasti...

Sun, M., and Hansen, C.

Increasing Robustness and Resilience of Water Delivery Infrastructure

This white paper outlines the need for a national testing capability for water treatment and delivery infrastructure to enhance energy-water resilience (EWR) and address existing knowledge and technology gaps. The vulnerability of water systems to contamination, physical compromis...

Reese, S., Gagnon, O., and Otto, M.

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