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An Energy-Water Nexus Foundation Model Ecosystem to Advance System Resiliency and Affordability

This white paper presents how an AI-driven foundation model ecosystem for hydropower and the electric grid, integrated with a large language model (LLM) agent can address the "Water for Energy" challenge and modernize coordinated planning and operations of the U.S. energy-water ne...

Kwon, J., Kim, K., Levin, T., and Botterud, A.

Digital Twin and HIL Framework for Grid-Interactive Microgrids in Non-PRASA Aqueducts: Enhancing Energy-Water Nexus Resilience

This white paper addresses the energy for water focal area by developing and validating grid-interactive microgrids for aqueducts which operate outside the centralized Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority (non-PRASA). These aqueducts depend on electricity for pumping and treat...

Plaza, J., and Andrade, F.

Promoting Energy-Water Nexus Understanding: Education and Workforce

This white paper discusses the development of educational and workforce programs focused on the energy-water nexus, aiming to enhance energy and water resilience by promoting multidisciplinary skills essential for managing robust energy-water systems. There is a significant gap i...

Atkinson, T., and Cafferty, K.

Reinforcement Learning for Water-Energy Infrastructure Resilience and Evolution

This white paper outlines a foundational AI-based framework for improving resilience across the energy-water nexus, with a focus on electric grid and water system interdependencies under hydrologic and weather extremes. The focal area spans both "water for energy" and "energy for ...

Jackson, N., and Rao, N.

Synergistic Pathways for Water Security in Emerging Sectors: Data Centers and Modern Nuclear Facilities

Stand-alone data centers, nuclear-powered data centers, and novel nuclear facilities such as fusion plant and small modular reactors are water intensive sectors poised to rapidly expand, presenting a significant challenge to the water-for-energy nexus. The potential for large-scal...

Catalano, A., Duan, Z., Quimby, C., Wang, T., Chini, C., Premathilake, L., and Pope, J.

High-Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse (HEMP) effects on Energy-Water resilience

Executive Order 13865 emphasizes the need to focus on critical infrastructure resilience to high-altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) effects, indicating that simulation of EMP effects on both energy and water systems need to be studied. The key technical challenges in assessing ...

Tabarez, J., Barnes, A., and Nelson, E.

Improved quantification of river nutrient loading for better water quality and more efficient energy use

The focus of this paper is multi-sector dynamics involving agriculture practices, water quality and energy. Currently there lacks high-resolution spatiotemporal data regarding water quality and usage, forcing the planning for water treatment to adopt the conservative, worst-case a...

Tang, J., and Zhu, Q.

Co-Development Opportunities Between Hydropower and Municipal Water and Wastewater Infrastructures

This white paper outlines opportunities to modernize U.S. water-energy infrastructure through co-development of hydropower with municipal water and wastewater systems. It highlights the untapped potential of integrating hydropower generation into new and existing water supply proj...

Chu, A., and DeNeale, S.

Hybrid Bioenergy and Hydropower Systems: Leveraging Heterogeneous Biomass and Wastes from Watersheds

Sandia National Laboratories and Idaho National Laboratory (INL) explore the water-for-energy nexus in this white paper, focusing on the impact of heterogeneous watershed waste materials on hydropower facilities. They identify key challenges--such as pile burning, wildfires, and d...

Quiroz-Arita, C., and Paudel, R.

Energy/Water Operation Smart Contract for Hydropower Plant/Data Centers

We propose an Energy/Water Operation Smart Contract that securely coordinates hydropower plant operations with energy-intensive data-center clusters using Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT). The smart contract provides a decentralized, tamper-resistant layer for operational contr...

Hink, R., Piesciorovsky, E., Hahn, G., Werth, A., and Wang, H.

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