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Enabling Energy-Water Resilience in U.S. Data Centers: Water-Aware Grid Planning and Operations with Infrastructure-Compatible Cooling

Rapid, concentrated expansion of AI data centers is reshaping electricity demand profiles, local infrastructure requirements, and regional resource constraints. These facilities are often sized from tens to hundreds of megawatts with multi-gigawatt campus clusters. They are relati...

Zhou, Z., Wu, M., Qiu, F., Muehleisen, R., Zhao, D., Yan, E., and Worek, W.

An Energy-Water Nexus Foundation Model Ecosystem to Advance System Resiliency and Affordability

This white paper presents how an AI-driven foundation model ecosystem for hydropower and the electric grid, integrated with a large language model (LLM) agent can address the "Water for Energy" challenge and modernize coordinated planning and operations of the U.S. energy-water ne...

Kwon, J., Kim, K., Levin, T., and Botterud, A.

Framework for Enabling Energy Reliability for Wastewater Utilities

This white paper addresses Energy for Water, focusing on enabling energy reliability at wastewater (WW) utilities with an emphasis on grid-interactive operations. Although multiple options exist for wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), implementing energy reliable strategies lack ...

Sharma, N., and Lemar, P.

A Hybrid AI-Optimization Framework for Resilient Hydropower Operations to Support Grid Stability, Extreme Weather Management, and Large-Scale Industrial Loads

This white paper supports a two-stage decision-support framework that links fast, probabilistic inflow forecasts from modern machine learning and generative AI with multistage stochastic optimization for hydropower scheduling. By propagating uncertainty from prediction into operat...

Ploussard, Q., and Feinstein, J.

Integrated Water-Energy Resilience Research and Testbeds

Water availability increasingly constrains the reliability and flexibility of water-dependent energy systems, including hydropower, thermoelectric generation, and grid operations. Hydrologic extremes, shifting demand, aging infrastructure, and cross-sector pressures are intensifyi...

Negron-Juarez, R., Amusat, O., Koven, C., and Viers, J.

Accelerating the Acquisition of Irrigation Modernization Benefits

Accelerating the modernization of off-farm irrigation water delivery infrastructure can hasten the acquisition of many energy-water benefits: water and energy conservation, energy generation and grid reliability, and additional water conservation and increased agricultural yields ...

Jorgensen, J., Saulsbury, B., Cafferty, K., Golden, B., Kueny, K., Hou, H., and Niazi, H.

Digital Twin and HIL Framework for Grid-Interactive Microgrids in Non-PRASA Aqueducts: Enhancing Energy-Water Nexus Resilience

This white paper addresses the energy for water focal area by developing and validating grid-interactive microgrids for aqueducts which operate outside the centralized Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority (non-PRASA). These aqueducts depend on electricity for pumping and treat...

Plaza, J., and Andrade, F.

Aligning Bytes with Basins to Promote Data Center Growth in the U.S.

This white paper examines the water-energy tradeoffs of U.S. data-center expansion, highlighting how cooling choices, power sourcing, and siting decisions shape local water security, grid resilience, and watershed sustainability. The study focuses on integrating direct (on-site po...

Siddik, M., Turner, S., and Chinthavali, S.

Marine-Source Integrated Heat Pump System for Remote Coastal and Island Communities

The white paper "Marine-Source Integrated Heat Pump (MS-IHP) System for Remote Coastal and Island Communities" focuses on the Water for Energy research area. Roughly 3.8 million U.S. coastal homes still rely on fossil fuel heating, and 1.3 million use inefficient electric resist...

Gao, Z., and Kowalski, S.

Water Availability for Cooling Systems: Assessing Demands, Constraints, and Alternative Sources for Thermoelectric Plants and Data Centers

This white paper focuses on enhancing the intersection of energy and water resilience by advancing water reuse and reclamation technologies, particularly for thermoelectric power plants and data centers. The primary goal is to efficiently manage cooling water to meet growing deman...

Pacheco, C., Cafferty, K., Reese, S., Atkinson, T., Mosier, T., and Tidwell, V.

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