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Digital Twin and HIL Framework for Grid-Interactive Microgrids in Non-PRASA Aqueducts: Enhancing Energy-Water Nexus Resilience

This white paper addresses the energy for water focal area by developing and validating grid-interactive microgrids for aqueducts which operate outside the centralized Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority (non-PRASA). These aqueducts depend on electricity for pumping and treat...

Plaza, J., and Andrade, F.

Framework for Enabling Energy Reliability for Wastewater Utilities

This white paper addresses Energy for Water, focusing on enabling energy reliability at wastewater (WW) utilities with an emphasis on grid-interactive operations. Although multiple options exist for wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), implementing energy reliable strategies lack ...

Sharma, N., and Lemar, P.

Field-Validated, Grid-Interactive Irrigation for Energy-Water Resilience in Puerto Rico's Agricultural Experimental Stations

Puerto Rico's irrigation infrastructure depends primarily on electrically powered pumping and distribution systems, making agricultural water delivery highly vulnerable to grid instability and frequent outages. This white paper proposes the development and validation of grid-inter...

Plaza, J., and Andrade, F.

Hybrid Bioenergy and Hydropower Systems: Leveraging Heterogeneous Biomass and Wastes from Watersheds

Sandia National Laboratories and Idaho National Laboratory (INL) explore the water-for-energy nexus in this white paper, focusing on the impact of heterogeneous watershed waste materials on hydropower facilities. They identify key challenges--such as pile burning, wildfires, and d...

Quiroz-Arita, C., and Paudel, R.

From Modeling to Testbeds: Taking an Expanded Look at Wastewater Reuse

The primary focus is on energy for water, considering the myriad tradeoffs influencing the adoption of wastewater reuse, particularly considering its energy intensity. Wastewater reuse offers a compelling opportunity to concurrently tackle water scarcity and enhance energy effic...

Tidwell, V., Bixler, T., Niazi, H., Marsh, P., and Wild, T.

Harnessing water system flexibility for grid resilience

With new critical infrastructure that require uninterrupted power supplies (such as data centers that support the AI boom) and a rising share of intermittent generation sources on the grid, there is a growing need for flexibility in grid resources which can ramp up or down quickly...

Szinai, J., and Callaway, D.

Enabling Energy-Water Resilience in U.S. Data Centers: Water-Aware Grid Planning and Operations with Infrastructure-Compatible Cooling

Rapid, concentrated expansion of AI data centers is reshaping electricity demand profiles, local infrastructure requirements, and regional resource constraints. These facilities are often sized from tens to hundreds of megawatts with multi-gigawatt campus clusters. They are relati...

Zhou, Z., Wu, M., Qiu, F., Muehleisen, R., Zhao, D., Yan, E., and Worek, W.

A Hybrid AI-Optimization Framework for Resilient Hydropower Operations to Support Grid Stability, Extreme Weather Management, and Large-Scale Industrial Loads

This white paper supports a two-stage decision-support framework that links fast, probabilistic inflow forecasts from modern machine learning and generative AI with multistage stochastic optimization for hydropower scheduling. By propagating uncertainty from prediction into operat...

Ploussard, Q., and Feinstein, J.

A Coupled Energy-Water Storage Architecture for Resilient Urban Power and Water Distribution

This white paper proposes a coupled energy-water storage architecture to enhance the resilience of urban power and water distribution networks. The concept leverages GLIDES concept (Ground-Level Integrated Diverse Energy Storage), which is a pneumo-hydraulic storage technology dev...

Chen, Y., and Sun, J.

An Energy-Water Nexus Foundation Model Ecosystem to Advance System Resiliency and Affordability

This white paper presents how an AI-driven foundation model ecosystem for hydropower and the electric grid, integrated with a large language model (LLM) agent can address the "Water for Energy" challenge and modernize coordinated planning and operations of the U.S. energy-water ne...

Kwon, J., Kim, K., Levin, T., and Botterud, A.

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