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Harnessing water system flexibility for grid resilience

With new critical infrastructure that require uninterrupted power supplies (such as data centers that support the AI boom) and a rising share of intermittent generation sources on the grid, there is a growing need for flexibility in grid resources which can ramp up or down quickly...

Szinai, J., and Callaway, D.

Marine-Source Integrated Heat Pump System for Remote Coastal and Island Communities

The white paper "Marine-Source Integrated Heat Pump (MS-IHP) System for Remote Coastal and Island Communities" focuses on the Water for Energy research area. Roughly 3.8 million U.S. coastal homes still rely on fossil fuel heating, and 1.3 million use inefficient electric resist...

Gao, Z., and Kowalski, S.

Joint modeling of water and energy for resilience and flexibility

The white paper focuses on the intersection of energy and potable water systems through joint modeling to enhance resilience, flexibility, and operational efficiency. The paper identifies the lack of integrated modeling tools as the primary obstacle in managing interconnected wate...

Chini, C., Thomas, M., Bixler, T., and Cejudo, C.

Operational Flexibility for Integrated Energy-Water Resilience

This white paper focuses on advancing operational flexibility as a pathway to integrated energy-water resilience. It addresses the persistent fragmentation between water and energy systems, where separate regulatory, operational, and investment frameworks limit co-optimization and...

Jackson, N., and Rao, N.

An Energy-Water Nexus Foundation Model Ecosystem to Advance System Resiliency and Affordability

This white paper presents how an AI-driven foundation model ecosystem for hydropower and the electric grid, integrated with a large language model (LLM) agent can address the "Water for Energy" challenge and modernize coordinated planning and operations of the U.S. energy-water ne...

Kwon, J., Kim, K., Levin, T., and Botterud, A.

Integrated Water-Energy Resilience Research and Testbeds

Water availability increasingly constrains the reliability and flexibility of water-dependent energy systems, including hydropower, thermoelectric generation, and grid operations. Hydrologic extremes, shifting demand, aging infrastructure, and cross-sector pressures are intensifyi...

Negron-Juarez, R., Amusat, O., Koven, C., and Viers, J.

Unlocking Hydropower Potential from Environmental Flows for Energy-Water Resilience

This white paper examines how mandated environmental flow (E-flow) releases at hydropower dams can be leveraged to generate renewable energy while maintaining ecological integrity. Environmental flows sustain aquatic ecosystems but often bypass turbines, representing lost generati...

DeNeale, S., Connor, M., and McManamay, R.

Framework for Enabling Energy Reliability for Wastewater Utilities

This white paper addresses Energy for Water, focusing on enabling energy reliability at wastewater (WW) utilities with an emphasis on grid-interactive operations. Although multiple options exist for wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), implementing energy reliable strategies lack ...

Sharma, N., and Lemar, P.

Hybrid Bioenergy and Hydropower Systems: Leveraging Heterogeneous Biomass and Wastes from Watersheds

Sandia National Laboratories and Idaho National Laboratory (INL) explore the water-for-energy nexus in this white paper, focusing on the impact of heterogeneous watershed waste materials on hydropower facilities. They identify key challenges--such as pile burning, wildfires, and d...

Quiroz-Arita, C., and Paudel, R.

Aligning Bytes with Basins to Promote Data Center Growth in the U.S.

This white paper examines the water-energy tradeoffs of U.S. data-center expansion, highlighting how cooling choices, power sourcing, and siting decisions shape local water security, grid resilience, and watershed sustainability. The study focuses on integrating direct (on-site po...

Siddik, M., Turner, S., and Chinthavali, S.

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