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Enabling Energy-Water Resilience in U.S. Data Centers: Water-Aware Grid Planning and Operations with Infrastructure-Compatible Cooling
Rapid, concentrated expansion of AI data centers is reshaping electricity demand profiles, local infrastructure requirements, and regional resource constraints. These facilities are often sized from tens to hundreds of megawatts with multi-gigawatt campus clusters. They are relati...
Zhou, Z., Wu, M., Qiu, F., Muehleisen, R., Zhao, D., Yan, E., and Worek, W.
Energy-Efficient Water Management Using Geo-AI for Evapotranspiration and Crop Risk Analysis
This white paper outlines a strategy for enhancing energy-efficient water management in agriculture through the application of Geospatial Artificial Intelligence (GeoAI). The focus is on developing a Dynamic Irrigation Window Scheduling (DIWS) system that optimizes irrigation base...
Cafferty, K., and Pacheco, C.
Water Energy Planning Strategies to meet Emerging Load from Data Centers
This white paper discusses the urgent need for innovative management of energy and water resources in the context of rapidly growing data centers, particularly as U.S. electricity demand is projected to increase by 35 to 40% by 2040 due to the rise of artificial intelligence (AI)....
Bhowmik, P., Cafferty, K., Klise, K., and Jackson, N.
Gaps Between Western U.S. Reservoir Inflows and Headwater Precipitation Timing, Amount, and Phase
Snowmelt from mountain headwater basins supplies approximately 80% of the runoff to reservoirs in the western United States (WUS), and is therefore a key component of western hydropower. Yet predicting runoff from hydrometeorological data in complex terrain (and its sensitivity to...
Rudisill, W., and Feldman, D.
Integrated Planning for Resilient Energy-, Infrastructure-, and Hydro-Scapes
The focus of this paper is nationally-comprehensive, hyper-granular assessment of future energy expansion opportunities and challenges, considering multi-dimensional risks and consequent implications of large infrastructure additions on surface water and groundwater, spanning from...
McCollum, D., Rathore, S., Liu, Y., and Parish, E.
Building Resilient Energy-Water Systems: Integrated Modeling, Scenario Selection, and Near-Term Decision Support
U.S. energy and water systems are increasingly interdependent, often leading to cascading and compounding system failures when faced with acute and chronic hazards. Such stressors propagate across multiple spatial scales, typically starting with changing earth system dynamics (for...
Rodriguez, L., Szinai, J., Stokes-Draut, J., Dwivedi, D., Ulrich, C., Holm, J., and Vahmani, P.
Water Availability for Cooling Systems: Assessing Demands, Constraints, and Alternative Sources for Thermoelectric Plants and Data Centers
This white paper focuses on enhancing the intersection of energy and water resilience by advancing water reuse and reclamation technologies, particularly for thermoelectric power plants and data centers. The primary goal is to efficiently manage cooling water to meet growing deman...
Pacheco, C., Cafferty, K., Reese, S., Atkinson, T., Mosier, T., and Tidwell, V.
Unlocking the energy-water interdependency through bio-augmented treatment of produced water for agricultural re-use and aquifer recharge
The supply and demand for energy and water within the US is increasingly intertwined. Several examples of this include the large volumes of water consumed by hydraulic fracking, the reliance of energy-intensive groundwater pumping in agriculture, and the significant water and powe...
Solander, K., Patelli, P., Gonzalez-Esquer, R., Xu, C., Bower, C., and Kisekka, I.
Energy/Water Operation Smart Contract for Hydropower Plant/Data Centers
We propose an Energy/Water Operation Smart Contract that securely coordinates hydropower plant operations with energy-intensive data-center clusters using Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT). The smart contract provides a decentralized, tamper-resistant layer for operational contr...
Hink, R., Piesciorovsky, E., Hahn, G., Werth, A., and Wang, H.
Hardening Forested Watersheds to Wildfire to Enhance Downstream Water Quality for Critical Energy Infrastructure
This white paper focuses on water-for-energy stability, emphasizing the risks to energy infrastructure from water quality impacts due to severely burned forested watersheds. The primary challenge is that energy production in the U.S. is vulnerable to surface water quality, with hi...
Crockett, J., and Krofcheck, D.