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Aligning Bytes with Basins to Promote Data Center Growth in the U.S.
This white paper examines the water-energy tradeoffs of U.S. data-center expansion, highlighting how cooling choices, power sourcing, and siting decisions shape local water security, grid resilience, and watershed sustainability. The study focuses on integrating direct (on-site po...
Siddik, M., Turner, S., and Chinthavali, S.
Energy-Water-Land Frameworks for Data Center Siting and Operations
This white paper focuses on energy-water-land intersections for data center siting and operations.
Challenges include rapid deployment of data centers and consequential uncertainty regarding the extent these facilities may impact or be constrained by water, land, and energy resou...
Macknick, J., Schneider, K., Barton, R., Hardikar, M., Martin, J., Struck, S., Lepley, K., Steward, D., Smith, F., Levine, A., Rivers, M., Rosenlieb, E., Gu, J., Podgorny, S., Castelao, G., and Leick, N.
The Case for Managed Aquifer Recharge as a Tool to Enhance Water and Energy Resilience
Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) enhances groundwater storage and has untapped potential to support energy systems. It can improve water reliability for thermoelectric and hydropower facilities, especially amid rising energy demands and water stress. A near-term opportunity is to ev...
Ferencz, S., Giovando, J., and Day-Lewis, F.
A Multi-Scale Integrated Assessment Model for How Emerging Biotechnologies Can Contribute to Decoupling Energy and Water Systems
Energy-water (EW) systems in the U.S. are deeply interconnected through complex networks vulnerable to disruptions, such as when a regional drought simultaneously impacts hydropower generation, thermoelectric production, and water availability across multiple sectors, producing kn...
Patelli, P., Solander, K., Gonzalez-Esquer, R., Xu, C., Bower, C., Davis, R., Carruthers, J., and Thomas, J.
Hardening Forested Watersheds to Wildfire to Enhance Downstream Water Quality for Critical Energy Infrastructure
This white paper focuses on water-for-energy stability, emphasizing the risks to energy infrastructure from water quality impacts due to severely burned forested watersheds. The primary challenge is that energy production in the U.S. is vulnerable to surface water quality, with hi...
Crockett, J., and Krofcheck, D.
Mitigating Wildfire-Driven Hydrological Impacts on Energy Generation
Following a wildfire, increased sedimentation and altered flow regimes can disrupt water quantity and quality for years, impacting water users (e.g., municipal, industrial, agricultural) and undermining energy reliability, efficiency, and infrastructure longevity. Upstream restora...
Catalano, A., Ferencz, S., Michaels, R., and Hester, E.
A Probabilistic Framework for Uncovering Water-Energy Infrastructure Dependencies and Assessing Systemic Consequences
The coupling of water and energy systems is critical for ensuring resilient infrastructure, particularly as water plays an essential role in the safe and reliable operation of energy sources. The dependency on water becomes increasingly complex when energy systems are integrated w...
Yigitoglu, A., Muhlheim, M., Smith, A., Ramuhalli, P., and Berres, A.
Accelerating the Acquisition of Irrigation Modernization Benefits
Accelerating the modernization of off-farm irrigation water delivery infrastructure can hasten the acquisition of many energy-water benefits: water and energy conservation, energy generation and grid reliability, and additional water conservation and increased agricultural yields ...
Jorgensen, J., Saulsbury, B., Cafferty, K., Golden, B., Kueny, K., Hou, H., and Niazi, H.
Water Energy Planning Strategies to meet Emerging Load from Data Centers
This white paper discusses the urgent need for innovative management of energy and water resources in the context of rapidly growing data centers, particularly as U.S. electricity demand is projected to increase by 35 to 40% by 2040 due to the rise of artificial intelligence (AI)....
Bhowmik, P., Cafferty, K., Klise, K., and Jackson, N.
Integrated Water-Energy Resilience Research and Testbeds
Water availability increasingly constrains the reliability and flexibility of water-dependent energy systems, including hydropower, thermoelectric generation, and grid operations. Hydrologic extremes, shifting demand, aging infrastructure, and cross-sector pressures are intensifyi...
Negron-Juarez, R., Amusat, O., Koven, C., and Viers, J.