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Energy-Water-Land Frameworks for Data Center Siting and Operations
This white paper focuses on energy-water-land intersections for data center siting and operations.
Challenges include rapid deployment of data centers and consequential uncertainty regarding the extent these facilities may impact or be constrained by water, land, and energy resou...
Macknick, J., Schneider, K., Barton, R., Hardikar, M., Martin, J., Struck, S., Lepley, K., Steward, D., Smith, F., Levine, A., Rivers, M., Rosenlieb, E., Gu, J., Podgorny, S., Castelao, G., and Leick, N.
Enabling Energy-Water Resilience in U.S. Data Centers: Water-Aware Grid Planning and Operations with Infrastructure-Compatible Cooling
Rapid, concentrated expansion of AI data centers is reshaping electricity demand profiles, local infrastructure requirements, and regional resource constraints. These facilities are often sized from tens to hundreds of megawatts with multi-gigawatt campus clusters. They are relati...
Zhou, Z., Wu, M., Qiu, F., Muehleisen, R., Zhao, D., Yan, E., and Worek, W.
A National Framework for Water-Informed Geothermal Expansion and Energy-Water Resilience
This white paper outlines the need for a coordinated, national framework to guide geothermal energy expansion in ways that use water efficiently and strengthen energy-water resilience. It highlights the opportunity to connect national-to-regional modeling with site-scale analysis,...
Wild, T., Niazi, H., DiRaddo, S., Villante, M., Goecker, A., and Chowdhury, K.
Multisector Energy-Water Management
This white paper focuses on energy-water supply, storage, transmission, and demand across multiple sectors.
Challenges include separate planning, operation, and management of energy and water; compounding sectors compete for energy and water supplies; increase in risk and uncerta...
Cohen, S., and Boren, B.
Unlocking Small-scale Hydropower using Water Infrastructure for National Energy Security
Reliable local energy generation and long-duration energy storage are critical to balancing peak demands and providing distributed emergency backup near both urban and rural populations. However, small-scale (< 10 MW) hydropower faces barriers, including siting, permitting, water ...
Stokes-Draut, J., Taylor, M., and Rao, P.
A Decision-Framework for Retrofitting or Decommissioning Hydropower Plants in the USA
This white paper presents a comprehensive decision framework for evaluating the retrofitting or decommissioning of aging hydropower plants in the United States, focusing on the critical intersection of water and energy. The U.S. hydropower sector, comprising approximately 2,000 pl...
Mishra, S., Kumar, S., Prairie, J., Giovando, J., Rajib, A., and Castillo, C.
Quantifying Energy Use across U.S. Water Sectors: A Scalable AI/ML-Driven Framework for Data Integration and Resilience Planning
This white paper explores opportunities to quantify and characterize energy use across major U.S. water sectors, including irrigation, water supply, and water treatment, with a focus on energy for water dimension. A scalable AI/ML-driven framework will be developed to harmonize fr...
Ghimire, G., Bhanja, S., and Martinez, R.
A Hybrid AI-Optimization Framework for Resilient Hydropower Operations to Support Grid Stability, Extreme Weather Management, and Large-Scale Industrial Loads
This white paper supports a two-stage decision-support framework that links fast, probabilistic inflow forecasts from modern machine learning and generative AI with multistage stochastic optimization for hydropower scheduling. By propagating uncertainty from prediction into operat...
Ploussard, Q., and Feinstein, J.
A Framework for Improving Locational Marginal Price Estimates for Technoeconomic Analysis of Hydropower Investments and Operational Decisions
The focus is on improving the analytics supporting hydropower investment decisions through the more accurate characterization of the locational marginal prices (LMPs) that will define future energy payments. Enhanced analytics around LMP prediction could also be used to improve op...
Balducci, P., DeSomber, K., and Zhou, Z.
Forecast and Intelligence Enabled Reservoir Operations for Energy-Water Resilience
This white paper discusses the energy-water nexus and emphasizes the need for co-optimization of hydropower, reservoir management, and water supply operations to enhance resilience and reliability. It focuses on integrating water management intelligence with power system forecasti...
Sun, M., and Hansen, C.